As mentioned in aprevious artcile ( Primary energy and energy density) , 81% of the primary energy consumed worldwide comes from fossil fuels. If we now look at the sources of greenhouse gas emissions, we find that 75% come from energy production and use.

If we break down these emissions by sector, we get the following graph:

By itself, energy production accounts for only 4% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. However, its use across other sectors represents 75% of total emissions. Reducing energy-related emissions, therefore, has repercussions across all sectors.

This graph highlights why public energy transition initiatives particularly target emission reductions in key sectors:

• Transport: Regulations like CAFE standards in Europe aim to reduce emissions related to mobility, which is mainly driven by the combustion of petroleum derivatives. The goal is both to reduce fuel consumption and to promote less carbon-intensive propulsion methods, such as electric vehicles. This has led to ambitious measures, such as the ban on the sale of internal combustion engine vehicles by 2035.
• Buildings:
  • Renovating and insulating existing buildings is encouraged to improve energy efficiency.
  • The widespread use of energy performance certificates (EPCs) for property sales in Europe aims to raise awareness and encourage energy improvements.
• Green energy production: Subsidies are provided to support renewable energy production projects for self-consumption (wind, solar, geothermal, biomethane). These incentives benefit both individuals and businesses, positively impacting sectors such as construction, agriculture, transport, and manufacturing.

These initiatives aim to promote a transition to more sustainable solutions and reduce the carbon footprint of the economy.