Radiative Forcing and Its Influencing Parameters

At the beginning of this year, we reflect on a significant event of 2024: for the first time, the global average temperature exceeded 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels (1850-1900). This symbolic threshold was previously considered the lower limit of the 2015 Paris Agreement and the most ambitious target for 2100. Although this exceedance does not yet mean that the climate has permanently crossed this threshold (a 20-year average would be required for that), this observation—just 10 years after COP 21—is alarming.